The field of orthodontics has advanced significantly in the last few decades with the introduction and firm establishment of many different methods of teeth straightening that were not available for previous generations.

You can now choose between traditional braces and modern dental appliances such as clear aligners including Invisalign to address the orthodontic issues of your teeth.

Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages and by taking into consideration your individual orthodontic issues and your personal preferences as well as your budget, your dentist will be able to help you choose the most suitable option for you.

If you are thinking about straightening your teeth then you need to consider the differences in the aesthetic appearance, comfort, convenience and price of the available options. In this article we will discuss both traditional braces and Invisalign in detail, look at the differences between the two and help you make an informed decision that works best for you.

Understanding Invisalign and How It Works

Invisalign has quickly become one of the most popular, modern methods of teeth straightening amongst patients of all ages across the world. invisalign uses clear thermoplastic aligners which are designed and printed using the latest in digital Dental Technology for optimal comfort and excellent results.

These aligners work in a series to gently shift your teeth into their correct positions, addressing the misalignment issues of the teeth which may be affecting the appearance of your smile as well as your overall dental health.

If you think Invisalign may be a suitable option for you then you need to speak to your dentist to find out more. Your dentist begins by carrying out a thorough examination of your teeth and gums. This will help them identify the misalignment issues which need to be addressed as well as look for any other underlying dental health conditions which will need to be treated before you begin orthodontic treatment.

If your dentist is happy that Invisalign is suitable for you, you will undergo a 3D scan of your mouth to create a digital image of your teeth. This image is then used to print a sequence of aligners that will push your teeth into their correct positions. These aligners should be available to you within two or three weeks and then you can begin the process.

The Invisalign process involves wearing each aligner for one to two weeks for 20-22hours of the day, after which you move on to the next aligner in the series. This continues until you have completed the process. This can take between six months to two years depending on how crooked or wonky your teeth are to begin with. It is important that you visit your dentist at regular intervals to make sure the process is coming along successfully.

Advantages of Invisalign

There are many advantages of Invisalign which makes it one of the most popular modern day orthodontic appliances. Firstly, invisalign aligners are almost invisible. They are made of clear thermoplastic which means they are undetectable when placed over your teeth.

This is why Invisalign is the preferred option especially amongst adults who are unhappy with the appearance of their smile and do not wish to draw further attention to their mouth. Many patients who undergo traditional orthodontic treatment feel self-conscious, however with Invisalign you can straighten your teeth and most people will not even notice.

Invisalign aligners are removable which means they can be taken out of your mouth and placed back in as necessary. This allows you to enjoy all your favorite foods without any restrictions. It also allows you to maintain your normal dental hygiene routine without restriction either.
Another key advantage of Invisalign is that it is more comfortable than other orthodontic treatment options. Invisalign aligners are crafted from smooth plastic, which reduces any discomfort or irritation and there is little to no risk of developing cuts or grazes in the mouth.

As mentioned, the length of treatment varies from patient to patient depending on your individual orthodontic needs. The estimated treatment period is very accurate, especially if you follow the guidelines correctly.

Disadvantages of Invisalign

As with all treatments there are also certain disadvantages with Invisalign. Many patients notice that when they begin wearing the aligners their speech may be affected. As they become accustomed to the sensation of the aligners this should subside.

Many patients notice pain each time they begin wearing a new aligner. This is because it can feel tight on your teeth but again this will subside within the first 12 to 24 hours as you become accustomed to the sensation. If necessary you can take over the counter pain medication.
A dry mouth can be a common symptom amongst patients who wear Invisalign aligners. Keeping yourself hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day will reduce any discomfort.

Speak to your dentist if you are experiencing significant pain or discomfort. Your dentist will be able to advise accordingly. It is important that you wear your aligners according to the guidelines which suggest 20 to 22 hours of the day for optimal results, so any concerns should be addressed promptly.

Exploring Traditional Braces and Their Role

Traditional braces have been the gold standard of orthodontic treatment for many decades and have helped millions of patients across the world. Traditional braces consist of metal brackets, wires and elastic bands which work together to apply constant, steady pressure to your teeth and push them into their correct positions. Traditional braces are used by patients of all ages, and are most commonly seen in teenagers. They can be used to address a range of orthodontic issues from mild to severe.

As with all orthodontic treatment to begin with your dentist will carry out an examination of your teeth and gums. This will help them identify the misalignment issues that are affecting your teeth and look for any underlying dental health conditions which will need to be addressed prior to orthodontic treatment.

If the dentist is happy that traditional braces are suitable for you then the process can begin. This involves bonding small metal brackets to the front of each tooth using a special adhesive. A wire is then threaded through these brackets and secured with tiny elastic bands.

Traditional braces can take six months to two or three years depending on how crooked or wonky or teeth are to begin with. You will need to visit the dentist once every four to six weeks or to have the components adjusted to continue to push your teeth into their correct positions. During these appointments your dentist will make sure that the process is coming along successfully.

Advantages of Braces

Traditional braces have significant advantages which make them the preferred choice amongst dentists, especially for younger patients and those with complex needs.

One of the key advantages is that traditional braces can address a complete range of orthodontic issues including highly complex ones. This includes severe misalignment issues, overcrowding, large gaps between the teeth and complex bite disorders. The precise control over tooth movement provided by the metal brackets and wires makes them highly reliable and effective at what they do.

Traditional braces are also more affordable or cost-effective than modern options such as Invisalign, which are not available on the NHS. The components are strong and durable, minimising the need for repairs or replacements.

Disadvantages of Braces

The most common concern with traditional braces amongst patients of all ages is that they are highly visible in the mouth. This is because the metal brackets and wires are fixed to the front surface of your teeth which means every time you speak or smile they are visible. This can be a significant concern for teenagers who may be affected by self-consciousness and wish to draw less attention to their mouth. It can also concern adults who are undergoing orthodontic treatment later on in life.

Traditional braces can be uncomfortable and even painful, particularly when they are tightened. Over the counter pain medication can help relieve the pain which should subside within 24 hours. The metal components can cause cuts in the mouth. To prevent this, you can use wax to cover the wires or have them trimmed.

Traditional braces are fixed to the surface of your teeth for the duration of the treatment process. This can affect your dental hygiene as you may not be able to reach all the surfaces of your teeth correctly and can cause dental health issues. It is important that you visit your dentist regularly to have your teeth cleaned.

Fixed braces can also pose dietary restrictions. You may not have to be able to bite or chew on hard, chewy foods. You should avoid sticky foods, for example chewing gum and you should also avoid fizzy drinks to prevent any discomfort or damage to your braces.

Comparing Invisalign and Braces: Key Considerations

Both invisalign and traditional braces are popular for orthodontic treatment. They have their advantages and disadvantages but both are efficient at addressing orthodontic issues. Traditional braces are better suited for complex orthodontic issues whilst Invisalign is preferable for mild, moderate and cosmetic orthodontic issues. Your dentist will assess the complexity of your needs to help you decide which is the most effective treatment option for you.

If aesthetics and comfort is important to you then you may prefer Invisalign aligners. As mentioned, they are almost invisible in the mouth and they are made of clear thermoplastic which is more comfortable than the metal components of traditional braces. Both however can cause a certain extent of discomfort initially and also when during adjustments and changeovers. This is because of the new sensation that is created in the mouth and this discomfort should subside within 24 hours as you become accustomed to the aligners or braces.

If budget is an important factor to you, then traditional braces are often less expensive than Invisalign. This is because of the advanced digital technology and customisation involved in designing and creating Invisalign aligners. However, the cost will also be affected by the duration of the treatment. By assessing your individual dental needs at your dentist will be able to give you a final cost.

If convenience is a key concern then Invisalign may be more suitable for you. Invisalign aligners can be removed and replaced as necessary. This means there are no dietary restrictions. It also means you can maintain your normal dental hygiene routine. You can take Invisalign aligners out and replace them as necessary. Traditional braces are fixed in your mouth for the treatment period. There are dietary restrictions with traditional braces. It can affect your dental hygiene and you cannot remove them for special occasions.

Discuss with your dentist

Whether you choose Invisalign or traditional braces depends on your individual orthodontic requirements, your budget, lifestyle choice and personal needs. Invisalign is a modern method of teeth straightening. It addresses mild and moderate orthodontic issues, offers comfort and convenience and can be taken out of your mouth and replaced as necessary so there are no restrictions. Invisalign is more expensive than its traditional counterparts but is ideal for those who are looking to straighten their teeth at their discretion.

Traditional braces are suitable for patients with complex orthodontic issues. They are highly effective for teeth straightening as they are fixed in the mouth and provide constant and stable pressure to the teeth. They do cause dietary restrictions and can affect dental hygiene however by visiting the dentist on a regular basis and following guidelines they can produce excellent results. Traditional braces are more affordable than their modern counterparts.

Speak to your dentist today to find out which orthodontic treatment is most suitable for you.

If you have been booked in for a wisdom tooth extraction, it is important to be aware that you may experience swelling after the removal. Swelling is a natural part of the recovery process following a tooth extraction; however, it can cause pain and discomfort. Here are a number of effective remedies and some recovery advice that will hopefully help you to minimise and reduce swelling from wisdom teeth removal, ensuring an easier and more comfortable recovery.

Immediate Post-Operative Care

Use of Cold Compresses

A cold compress is a traditional yet highly effective method of reducing swelling after wisdom teeth removal. This involves applying an ice pack to the affected area for 15 to 20 minutes at a time, repeating as necessary to help simultaneously reduce pain and swelling. The cold causes blood vessels to constrict, reducing blood flow to the affected area and leading to less fluid build-up, which helps minimise swelling. This should be done for the first 24 to 48 hours.

Rest and Elevation

It is important to rest after any surgical procedure including wisdom teeth removal. By avoiding strenuous activities and prioritising sleep, your body has the opportunity to heal faster. Elevating your head with extra pillows during rest or sleep can promote better blood flow to help reduce swelling and pain.

Managing Swelling in the Following Days

Transition to Warm Compresses

After the first 48 hours of your wisdom teeth removal, it is recommended that you use warm compresses rather than cold ones. Warm compresses increase blood flow to the affected area by dilating blood vessels and encourage any accumulated toxins to be flushed away. If your priority is to reduce swelling from your wisdom teeth removal, this is an important next step.

Stay Hydrated and Maintain Nutrition

Drinking plenty of water is important for good oral health and can help speed up the recovery process and reduce swelling after wisdom teeth removal. Water helps reduce bacteria in the mouth and prevents further infection. Your dentist is likely to advise that you should start with soft foods and avoid hot drinks, sticky treats and spices post-extraction to allow your gums to heal and prevent excess bleeding or discomfort. Maintaining a healthy diet and increasing your vitamin and mineral intake may help to boost your immune system and speed up your recovery, although these practices are most useful when implemented for some time before your procedure.

Maintaining Oral Hygiene and Follow-Up Care

Gentle Rinsing

Rinsing your mouth with salt water or mouthwash on a regular basis is beneficial to your dental health. It is highly recommended to do so the day after your extraction to help keep your mouth clean and reduce bacteria. You may be advised to use a medicated mouthwash tailored to promote healing and reduce swelling after your wisdom teeth removal. This can be repeated two to three times a day. It is important to rinse and spit gently to avoid dislodging any blood clots, which can cause bleeding and slow down the recovery process.

Adhere to Medication Routines and Follow-Up Visits

Your dentist will put together an individually tailored treatment plan for you. Adhering to the advised protocols regarding medications such as antibiotics and pain relief are not only important for promoting faster healing and reduction of swelling after your wisdom teeth removal, but also to prevent complications such as infections later on.

You are likely to have a follow-up appointment scheduled with your dentist so they can examine the site and ensure that it has healed correctly. They may prescribe further medication if necessary and will advise on good dental hygiene techniques to manage the extraction area. If during the recovery process you experience any unusual symptoms such as excessive bleeding, severe pain, or signs of infection, it is important to speak to your dentist as soon as possible.

When deciding how to replace multiple missing teeth, you may find yourself weighing up whether a dental bridge or dentures are the best option. While both treatments can restore your smile and improve oral function, they differ in design, maintenance and suitability. Here is all the information you need to help you make an informed choice.

What are Dental Bridges?

A dental bridge is a fixed restoration that fills the gap left by one or more missing teeth. Bridges typically anchor to neighbouring teeth or implants, creating a seamless look and feel. If you have teeth or implants alongside the targeted area that are strong enough to support a bridge, this may be a durable long-term solution for you.

Advantages of Dental Bridges:

• Natural Appearance: Bridges closely resemble real teeth.
• Stability: Since they are fixed in place, bridges won’t move while you eat or speak.
• Convenience: Unlike removable dentures, bridges don’t need to be taken out daily for cleaning.
  
  Things to Consider:
  Bridges rely on neighbouring teeth for support, which may require some enamel removal.
  Regular dental visits are necessary to ensure the bridge is being maintained and is in good condition.

What Are Dentures?

Dentures are removable prosthetics designed to replace multiple missing teeth. They are available in two main formats: partial dentures, which replace some teeth, and full dentures, which replace an entire arch. While the idea of dentures may conjure up images of clumsy, unreliable and false-looking teeth, dentures today offer improved comfort and aesthetics compared to older designs.

Advantages of Dentures:

• Affordability: Dentures are often a cost-effective option, especially for those needing to replace multiple missing teeth.
• Non-invasive: They don’t require surgery or significant preparation of your surrounding teeth.
• Adjustability: Dentures can be refitted or replaced as needed to accommodate changes in your mouth.

What to Consider:
Dentures may feel less stable than bridges, particularly when you are eating or speaking.
They require daily cleaning and occasional adjustments to ensure they are fitting well and comfortably.

Choosing Between a Dental Bridge and Dentures

When deciding how you wish to replace your missing teeth, there are a handful of things to consider:

Your Oral Health: If your remaining teeth are healthy and strong, a dental bridge might be an ideal solution. However, if you have multiple missing teeth or weakened teeth alongside the targeted area, dentures may be the better choice for you.

Maintenance: Bridges are fixed in place and require regular brushing and flossing. Dentures, on the other hand, need to be removed daily for thorough cleaning. It’s up to you to decide which maintenance routine suits your lifestyle better.

Cost and Longevity: Dental bridges can be more expensive upfront but often last longer with proper care. Dentures will typically cost you less upfront but may possibly need replacement every 5–8 years.

Comfort and Functionality: If you’re looking for the most natural feeling and secure solution, bridges may provide better functionality. Dentures can take time to adjust to, particularly when eating or speaking.

Implant-Supported Options

If you’re battling to decide whether a dental bridge or dentures will suit your needs better, you may want to explore an implant-supported solution. Bridges and dentures that are supported by neighbouring implants, for example, can provide added stability and reduce the risk of jawbone deterioration. While these options require a surgical procedure, they can provide superior results when it comes to comfort, long-term stability and appearance.

Making Your Choice

Your specific needs, circumstances and preferences will inform your decision between a dental bridge or dentures. You may want to consider these questions when considering your options:

• Are the teeth adjacent to your potential bridge healthy enough to support it?
• Are you more inclined towards a permanent or removable option?
• Would you prefer to invest more up front and less over time, or vice versa?

The best way to learn more about your options is to consult with your dentist. They can assess your oral health, discuss your preferences, and guide you toward a solution that meets your needs.

Have you noticed small white spots on your gums? While this can be concerning, it's good to know that they are typically harmless and often treatable. White spots can be the result of various causes, ranging from minor irritations to underlying health issues. Understanding the potential reasons and available treatments can help you determine when to seek professional care.

Common Causes of Small White Spots on Gums

Several conditions can lead to small white spots appearing on your gums.

Identifying the cause is an essential step for determining effective treatment:

1. Canker Sores

   Canker sores are painful, small ulcers with a white or yellow centre surrounded by red, inflamed tissue. They are often the result of stress, injury to the gums or certain acidic foods. While not contagious, they can be uncomfortable, particularly when eating or speaking.

2. Oral Thrush

   Oral thrush is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of candida. It presents as white patches on the gums, tongue or inner cheeks, which may be slightly raised and can bleed when scraped. This condition is more common in those with weakened immune systems or diabetes, or those taking antibiotics or corticosteroids.

3. Leukoplakia

   Leukoplakia causes thickened, white patches on the gums or other areas of the mouth. These spots are usually painless but should not be ignored, as they can sometimes indicate precancerous changes. Irritation from smoking, chewing tobacco, or poorly fitting dental appliances is often linked to this condition.

4. Oral Lichen

   Planus Oral lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that can cause white, lace-like patches on the gums and other parts of the mouth. While the exact cause is unknown, it is believed to be an autoimmune response.

5. Calcium Deposits (Tartar)

   Sometimes, small white spots on gums can be the result of calcium deposits or tartar build-up. These hard, white areas may form near the gumline due to poor oral hygiene.

6. Infections or Abscesses

   Bacterial infections or dental abscesses can cause white spots on the gums, often accompanied by swelling, pain or pus. If you are experiencing any of these, they should be treated promptly to prevent complications.

7. Trauma or Irritation

   Accidental biting, brushing too hard, or dental procedures can cause white spots on the gums as your tissue heals.

When to Seek Medical Advice

While many small white spots on the gums are harmless and resolve on their own, some cases warrant a visit to your dentist or doctor:

• If the spots persist for more than two weeks
• If they are painful, bleed, or grow in size
• If spots are accompanied by other symptoms like fever, swollen glands, or difficulty swallowing
• If you have risk factors such as tobacco use or a weakened immune system

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Here are common approaches for addressing small white spots on your gums:

1. Home Remedies for Minor Irritations

   For canker sores or minor gum irritation, rinsing your mouth with a saltwater solution can reduce inflammation and promote healing. Avoid spicy or acidic foods that can aggravate the gums.

2. Antifungal Medications

   Oral thrush is treated with antifungal medications in the form of lozenges, tablets or mouth rinses. Maintaining good oral hygiene and addressing risk factors, such as controlling blood sugar in diabetics, is also essential.

3. Professional Cleaning and Tartar Removal

   If tartar build-up is causing the white spots, a dental cleaning can remove the deposits and help restore gum health. Your dentist may also advise improved brushing and flossing techniques.

4. Biopsy and Monitoring for Leukoplakia

   Leukoplakia requires monitoring to ensure it doesn't progress into a more serious condition. In some cases, a biopsy may be recommended to rule out precancerous or cancerous changes. Quitting tobacco use and avoiding irritants can help manage the condition.

5. Medications for Lichen Planus

   Oral lichen planus may be treated with corticosteroids to reduce inflammation or other medications to manage symptoms. Good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups are crucial for managing this chronic condition.

6. Treating Infections and Abscesses

   Bacterial infections or abscesses require prompt treatment with antibiotics or drainage to prevent complications. Maintaining oral hygiene and addressing underlying dental issues can help prevent recurrence.

Preventing Small White Spots on Gums

Preventive care is key to maintaining healthy gums and reducing the risk of white spots on gums:

• Brush and Floss Regularly:

  Proper oral hygiene prevents plaque build-up and reduces your risk of gum disease.

• Use a Fluoride Mouthwash:

  Rinsing with an antibacterial or fluoride mouthwash can help prevent infections and irritation.

• Eat a Balanced Diet:

  A diet rich in vitamins and minerals supports gum health and overall immunity.

• Avoid Tobacco and Irritants:

  Eliminating tobacco and minimising exposure to irritants can reduce the risk of conditions like leukoplakia.

• Stay Hydrated:

  Drinking plenty of water helps wash away bacteria and keep your mouth healthy.

• Schedule Regular Dental Check-Ups:

  Routine visits allow your dentist to identify and address potential issues early.

Small white spots on gums are usually benign, but they can sometimes indicate an underlying condition that requires attention. By understanding the causes and seeking appropriate treatment, you can maintain healthy gums and prevent complications. If you're ever in doubt, a visit to your dentist can provide clarity and peace of mind. When in doubt, remember regular dental care and attention to oral hygiene are always your best defence against gum-related concerns.

Tooth loss occurs as a result of many different reasons and can be very traumatic for the individual. One could lose a tooth due to poor oral hygiene, avoiding the dentist, tooth decay or gum disease, or it could occur as a result of a poor diet or unhealthy lifestyle. Certain medication or illnesses can cause missing teeth or you may lose a tooth in an accident or an injury.

Contrary to what some may believe, tooth loss is not a part of the natural ageing process: your teeth are designed to last for the whole of your life. It is important that you visit your dentist at least once every six months, practise good dental hygiene and follow a healthy lifestyle to help maintain healthy teeth and gums. If you lose a tooth, it can not only affect your appearance but have an impact on your remaining teeth and even your overall health and well-being. If you have lost a tooth either because of poor oral hygiene, health complications or in an accident then you can speak to your dentist to learn more about dental implants in a day.

Dental Implants

Dental implants have been used for many decades to replace missing teeth and are considered the gold standard of tooth replacement. Dental implants are small titanium screws that are placed directly into the bone socket of your missing tooth. They act as tooth roots for a crown or set of dentures, depending on how many teeth you are replacing. With good dental hygiene and regular visits to your dentist, dental implants can last for the rest of your life.

The disadvantage of traditional dental implants is that the process is lengthy. It can take many months to replace your missing tooth. During this time there are many issues you can face. To begin with, you will have a gap in your mouth which can be unsightly or cause discomfort or embarrassment. A missing tooth can also affect the adjacent teeth, causing further problems. It can lead to bone decay too, which means thinning or shrinking of the jaw bone. This has its own implications and can also affect the tooth replacement process.

What are Dental Implants in a Day?

Dental implants in a day are a highly preferable option for those who do not want to wait many months to replace their missing teeth. Dental implants in a day are suitable for patients who otherwise have good dental health and a healthy jaw bone. They are ideal for healthy patients with no underlying diseases such as diabetes. This is an optimal choice for patients who have been in an accident and had a tooth knocked out and want to replace it immediately. A consultation with your dentist will allow you to determine whether or not dental implants in a day are suitable for you.

Unfortunately patients with other dental health complications - for example gum disease and periodontal disease - may not be able to receive same-day dental implants. Patients with bone decay may require a bone graft to increase their bone density and therefore may not be eligible for dental implants in a day. Smokers may need to quit smoking otherwise, again, your dentist may decide that dental implants in a day are not suitable for you.

How do Dental Implants in a Day Work?

Once your dentist has decided that dental implants in a day are an option for you, they will carry out an intra-oral scan of your mouth. This will create a digital image that will inform your treatment plan. The surgery itself is carried out under local anaesthetic; if you suffer from dental anxiety or phobia, there are dental sedation options you can talk through with your dentist.

The number of implants you need will depend on how many teeth you are replacing. The implant itself is surgically placed directly into your jaw bone. Once placed, a temporary crown is attached to replace your missing tooth. The temporary crown is designed to look and feel like your natural tooth while the implant heals and a permanent crown can replace it.

Advantages of Dental Implants in a Day

The most obvious advantage of dental implants in a day is that it is a significantly quicker process than traditional dental implants. Traditional dental implants can take between six to 12 months, whereas the process of implementing dental implants in a day can be completed within a few weeks. Replacing a missing tooth immediately can also help to prevent bone loss, which can have a negative structural effect on the rest of your teeth. Opting for an implant and completing the process quickly can strengthen your jaw, providing a sturdy foundation for your remaining teeth.

Speak to your dentist to find out whether dental implants in a day are suitable for you. This option can help you avoid the implications of tooth loss and restore the health and appearance of your smile in as little time as possible.

Each mouth is unique. The size and the shape of your mouth, the number of teeth you have, the alignment of your teeth and any dental health issues all differ from one person to the next. Most of these differences are no cause for concern, whereas others may require a visit to the dentist and even medical attention. Visiting your dentist on a regular basis is essential to determine which features are normal versus those that could be classified as an abnormality.

Tori are one of these concerns. They can be found in the roof of your mouth or on the bottom of your mouth, under your tongue, and what causes mandibular tori differs from patient to patient. Tori are non-cancerous bony growths which some studies suggest may affect up to 40% of the population, and they typically do not cause any issues.

A Closer Look at Mandibular Tori

Mandibular tori are more common than palatal tori, which are found on the roof of your mouth. Older patients are more likely to present with tori, some patients may have both types, and they typically differ in size and position from patient to patient. Some tori are the size of teeth whilst others can extend from one side of your mouth to the other. Smaller mandibular tori are often unnoticeable and you may not even know that you have any until your dentist carries out an examination of your mouth. Larger tori can be felt in the mouth and may be problematic.
They can present as a ridge-like growth adjacent to your teeth or as a lump inside of your mouth. Most tori do not cause any pain; however, if they are larger or in a certain position it may be uncomfortable to bite and chew certain foods and there may be a greater chance of mouth injury.

Another potential problem caused by mandibular tori are dental hygiene issues. There is a greater chance of food particles and bacteria becoming lodged around or between the tori and your teeth, potentially resulting in tooth decay and gum disease.

What Causes Mandibular Tori?

Genetics
There has been much research into what causes mandibular tori. Studies suggest that one of the causes of mandibular tori is genetic predisposition and influence, meaning that they may be hereditary. Unfortunately this is unavoidable. In most cases the tori will be asymptomatic and not require any further treatment; however, regular checkups with your dentist are needed to prevent other related complications.

Bruxism
Certain factors such as bruxism can also be what causes mandibular tori. Bruxism, also known as teeth grinding, is common in children although it usually disappears in adulthood. If it is severe and left untreated it can lead to a range of dental health complications. Studies show that continuous grinding or clenching of the teeth puts stress on the jawbone, potentially stimulating the growth of excess bone tissue. This presents in the form of tori in the mouth.

Crooked Teeth
In certain patients, misalignment issues with the teeth could be what causes mandibular tori. Many people suffer with crooked, protruding or overlapping teeth, where positioning causes stress and tension on the jawbone. This then causes mandibular tori or abnormal bony growths to develop in an effort to support the different positions of the teeth. Undergoing orthodontic treatment at an early age is an effective way of preventing the formation of tori later on in life.

Vitamin Deficiencies
Many studies suggest that a vitamin deficiency may be what causes mandibular tori in some cases. Vitamin D is essential for good dental health, helping with calcium absorption to develop strong, healthy teeth. Vitamin D deficiency is common in adults, which can result in the demineralisation of the teeth. This leaves them more prone to fracture and can also cause other dental health issues such as gum disease. Vitamin D can be purchased over the counter if a deficiency is detected or if you would like to increase the levels in your body. This can help promote better dental health and reduce the chance of developing mandibular tori. Other vitamin deficiencies which may be responsible for causing mandibular tori include vitamin C and vitamin B12 – both of which are also important for healthy teeth and gums. Adding a multivitamin into your daily routine can be a good way to prevent vitamin deficiencies and enjoy better health overall.

Managing Mandibular Tori
As mentioned above, most mandibular tori are asymptomatic and you may not even notice their existence before undergoing an examination by your dentist. In rare cases where mandibular tori do cause problems in your daily life or dental health concerns such as tooth decay or gum disease, removal is possible. Speak to your dentist to find out more if you have any concerns.

Over the last few years the healthcare sector, including the dental industry, is investing more time, money and education into sustainability and environmentally friendly practices. It is important that this continues at a steady rate and that more dental clinic implement green practices, both to attract more patients and to reduce their significant carbon footprint. Environmentally-conscious patients are interested in eco-friendly dentistry, knowing that whilst looking after their dental health by choosing green practices they are also helping to look after the environment.

Dental Waste and Pollution

Dental practices can generate a wide variety of hazardous waste. This includes metal and chemical waste as well as infectious waste. Thanks to advances in dental technology there are treatments and procedures in place which promote eco-friendly dentistry and can help reduce the amount of waste generated.

Amalgam Waste

Amalgam waste is more commonly known as that containing mercury and mercury compounds, which are toxic and can be harmful to humans. Amalgam waste comes from traditional dental fillings. Often more amalgam is produced than required, leading to wastage. Another concern is disposal: amalgam waste needs to be placed in a container with a mercury suppressant and handled by a waste management company.

To reduce amalgam waste, dental practices need to promote composite resin fillings. Composite resin fillings are the most common alternative to dental amalgam. They are made of a type of plastic reinforced with powdered glass filler. They are beneficial for patients because they are tooth coloured and therefore significantly less noticeable than traditional amalgam fillings. They are strong and long-lasting, serving as an excellent example of eco-friendly dentistry as they reduce both mercury-related health and environmental concerns.

Silver and Lead Waste from X-Rays

Silver- and lead-containing waste can be another issue in dental practices. Silver waste is generated in spent x-ray fixer, which needs to be disposed of carefully to avoid health and environmental concerns. Lead-containing waste includes lead foil from x-ray packets, which can contaminate soil and groundwater again if disposed of improperly. Heavy metal poisoning and pollution can have significant consequences on human health. It can cause a wide range of health disorders including cancer, and can cause developmental defects in foetuses. Environmental effects of heavy metal pollution include the disruption of food chains and the ecosystem because they are non-biodegradable and can accumulate in their surroundings.

Although X-rays pose multiple environmental and human health threats, more dental X-rays are carried out than any other type of x-ray; this number extends into the millions each year according to the UK Health Security Agency. Choosing digital imaging rather than x-ray is an excellent form of eco-friendly dentistry. Digital imaging produces 80% less radiation than traditional x-ray film whilst also reducing chemical waste from lead foils and toxic x-ray fixer. Digital imaging can often replace x-rays, being used for cosmetic dental treatment as well as modern orthodontics e.g. in the design and creation of clear thermoplastic aligners to replace traditional metal braces. Digital imaging should be suitable for most patients and is particularly preferable for children, posing little or no health risk in comparison to x-rays.

Disinfectants and Sterilisers

Disinfectants and sterilisers are commonly used to sterilise dental instruments. They are composed of a variety of chemicals which can pose a threat to health and the environment, and must be disposed of safely to mitigate risk. For eco-friendly dentistry, the CDC recommends using heat-tolerant or disposable items instead of heat-sensitive items which require liquid cleaning products. If using disposable items, it is important to make sure that they are recyclable or that they are recycled items. For heat-tolerant items, eco-friendly dentistry includes the use of automated processes, like ultrasonic baths or thermal washer disinfectants rather than chemicals to clean them.

Infectious Waste

A prime example of infectious waste generated at dental practices is blood soaked gauze: a form of biomedical hazardous waste. Another example is extracted teeth or tissues, which are also biomedical hazards that can contain infectious materials or pathogens which could put dentists and other patients at risk. Although infectious waste cannot be avoided at the dental practice or other healthcare places, it is important to follow regulations to prevent health and environmental risks. This includes labelling all infectious waste correctly and ensuring you keep it in assigned containers to prevent spills and exposure while storing and transporting.

Sharps

Sharps include needles, scalpels and other sharp instruments used at the dental practice. Sharp injuries are common and can pose serious health risks, including HIV/AIDS. Dentists need to use needles, scalpels and other sharp instruments on a daily basis, but minimising use where possible can help to reduce risk to human health and the environment.

Laser dental treatment is a modern form of green dentistry that acts as an excellent alternative to the use of sharps in dental practices. This is now available at most environmentally friendly practices across the country. Not only is it safer for the dentist and the patient, but it is also better for the environment. Avoiding the use of sharps means no waste and reduced use of chemical sterilisers and disinfectants. Laser dental treatment can be used as an alternative therapy for many dental health concerns, including gum disease and certain types of cosmetic dentistry. It is a preferred method of dentistry amongst dentists and patients alike, especially those suffering from dental phobia.

Patients and dental practices alike are becoming increasingly more environmentally conscious. Embracing more green practices within a dental practice offers a myriad of benefits, attracting more patients and promoting better dental health, overall health, less waste and reduced damage to the environment.

Even the best-fitting dentures (as they all should be) take getting used to and it will take time to adjust to the strangeness of the new artificial teeth. It is only to be expected that there will be some initial denture discomfort and even mild pain, but this should pass quickly as the mouth and jaw become accustomed to the new oral configuration.

However, in the early days of denture-wearing, the level of pain and discomfort can be extremely off-putting for many and it may be necessary to seek some level of denture pain relief.

Getting Dentures Fitted

Dentures are one of the most common methods for replacing lost or badly damaged teeth, but they are not the only solution. It is important to explore options and learn more about available ways to replace teeth and which is best in each individual case.

Step 1: Consultation. To decide if fitting dentures is the most suitable option, the dentist will carry out a thorough oral examination and evaluate the condition of the teeth and gums. Having decided on dentures, the dentist will then outline the available denture types and explain the next steps.

Step 2: Impressions. It will be necessary to create a mould of the teeth and take an impression of the jawbone in order to create a custom-fit set of dentures. This is a simple, painless procedure and usually completed in one session.

Step 3: Manufacturing. The moulds and impressions are sent to a specialist dental lab where the dentures will be manufactured. This can be a time-consuming process as it depends on the type of dentures being fabricated and the complexity of the work involved.

Step 4: First Fitting and Adjustments. During the manufacturing process, it may be necessary to attend a fitting appointment. This is very common as, despite best efforts, it is highly unlikely that the dentures will be a perfect fit the first time. Follow-up visits will likely also be required to make further minor adjustments.

Step 5: Denture Care. As with natural teeth, dentures also need care and attention. It is important to follow guidelines and cleaning instructions from the dentist to maintain the dentures in optimum condition. Over time dentures will need slight adjustments as the configuration of the mouth changes with age and regular check-ups at the dentist are crucial.

Getting used to a new set of dentures takes time and some denture discomfort at first is quite normal. Difficulty with eating and speaking may also be a problem in the early days. However, these issues should quickly resolve themselves and wearing dentures will soon begin to feel natural.

Denture Discomfort According to Type

There are three types of dentures (partial, intermediate and complete) and each has its own characteristics that may lead to some level of discomfort.

Partial dentures should cause few or minor issues as they only replace a single tooth or a few teeth. The mouth has little problem adjusting to the new false teeth and they should settle very quickly.

Intermediate dentures are used to replace a large number of teeth and therefore may take more getting used to. However, pain or discomfort should not be a major problem and should slowly dissipate over a few days or weeks.

Complete dentures replace multiple teeth, or even a full set, and can dramatically alter the configuration of the mouth. As a result, some pain and discomfort can usually be expected and may require the use of painkillers in the initial stages.

Denture Discomfort Across All Types

Regardless of the type of denture, there are three main causes of denture discomfort:

• Adjustment period
• Poor fit
• Bacterial build-up

The adjustment period is simply something that must be endured while poorly fitting dentures will require remedial action by the dentist or laboratory responsible. Changes in the structure of the mouth over time may cause fitting issues in the future. Bacterial build-up can be largely avoided by following the best care and cleaning procedures.

Strategies to Reduce Denture Discomfort

There are some simple measures that can be taken to reduce aches and pains in the early days of adjusting to your dentures:

• Stick to soft food
• Use dental adhesive for added support
• Clean dentures thoroughly
• Rinse dentures occasionally in warm water
• Only use a suitable mouthwash

Any discomfort or adjustment issues should fade after a few days. If, however, this is not the case, the matter should be discussed with the dentist who can determine the underlying cause of the problem or problems.

Having dentures fitted can be a simple and painless process and well worth the time and effort to restore your smile. Maintaining your dentures so they remain in prime condition is an important step in maximising the benefits of dentures and reducing any potential risks.

As a general rule, all early issues, including denture discomfort, are only temporary and will resolve themselves over the first few days. Once the initial phase is over, denture-wearing will become second nature and the new replacements should provide years of service, allowing you to talk, smile, laugh and eat naturally. If you are experiencing denture discomfort, chat to your dental practitioner about your options.

Teeth grinding is a subconscious act that involves grinding, gnashing, or clenching your teeth. Also called bruxism, it is a condition that can cause pain in the jaw, headaches and damage to your teeth.

While teeth grinding during the day is more common, teeth grinding at night can cause more harm as it is more likely to remain unnoticed for longer. It is estimated that up to 31% of adults experience teeth grinding, placing more stress on the teeth and jaw.

The Symptoms of Teeth Grinding

Unless spotted by a sleep partner, the signs of teeth grinding at night may only first be noticed by your dentist. Recognizing the symptoms of this condition offers the chance of an earlier diagnosis, reducing the risk of tooth damage from the effects of a longer period of bruxism.

The main symptoms of teeth grinding at night are:

• headaches
• jaw pain
• facial pain in the morning
• pain when eating
• tooth sensitivity
• worn tooth enamel
• cracked or damaged teeth

What Are the Causes?

Teeth grinding at night, also termed nocturnal bruxism, has many risk factors rather than one specific cause.

Risk factors linked to lifestyle and genetic disposition are classed as primary bruxism symptoms. These include:

• stress, anxiety and depression
• family history of teeth grinding
• lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol and high levels of caffeine consumption
• age, with teeth grinding more common in children and younger adults
• personality traits, with a competitive or more aggressive personality placing you at more risk

Teeth grinding symptoms linked to underlying medical conditions and medications are classed as secondary bruxism symptoms. These include:

• certain medications, including antidepressants like Prozac, anti-anxiety and ADHD medications
• neurological conditions resulting from brain injuries, brain hemorrhage or a stroke
• imbalance in the chemicals in the brain that aid communication between cells

Another common condition linked to teeth grinding is sleep apnea. However, more research is required to establish whether this sleep disorder is a contributing risk factor.

Your healthcare provider will look at your medical history and inquire about your family history if they suspect you are displaying the symptoms of teeth grinding at night. Another method they may use for diagnosing the condition is a sleep study. This would involve an overnight stay where your sleep is monitored for signs of teeth grinding.

What Can Be the Consequences of Teeth Grinding?

While the occasional teeth grinding may not be something to be concerned about, the effects of long-term teeth grinding can be harmful.

A primary issue when teeth grinding is left without treatment is the damage it can do to your teeth. Enamel erosion and cracked or damaged teeth are potential consequences of long-term teeth grinding. Such dental issues can also increase the risk of gum disease and tooth decay.

Jaw pain is a symptom of nocturnal bruxism. The consequence of this can be a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder. The TMJ connects the jaw to the skull and a disorder of this joint can cause further jaw pain, stiffness in the jaw, a popping sound, and even difficulty opening and closing your mouth.

Migraines may also become an issue when teeth grinding remains undiagnosed, as can chronic ear, neck, or shoulder pain.
Teeth Grinding at Night -- Treatment

When you experience teeth grinding and its contributing risk factors determine the treatment your healthcare provider may recommend.

A mouthguard may be recommended for someone who grinds their teeth at night. The mouthguard is custom-made to protect your teeth and gums as you sleep by keeping the upper and lower teeth apart.

A splint is another oral device that is sometimes used. This works by placing the jaw in a more favorable position overnight to help ease the strain on the jaw and the temporomandibular joint.

When lifestyle factors are a cause of teeth grinding, then changes such as quitting smoking or reducing consumption levels of alcohol and caffeine may help. Ensuring your bedroom is quiet, dark and set to a comfortable temperature will also promote better sleep.

Relaxation techniques including meditation, yoga, exercise and reading can also be beneficial. These may provide stress relief if stress and anxiety are factors in your nocturnal bruxism.

Advanced Treatments for Teeth Grinding

Grinding and clenching your teeth can be a hard habit to break, particularly when caused by stress, an underlying health condition or certain personality traits that make you more prone to it.

However, there are more advanced treatments that your healthcare provider may discuss with you to prevent any damaging long-term consequences of bruxism.

1. Medication
An anti-anxiety medication or an anti-depressant may be considered if stress is a factor. A muscle relaxer may also be discussed to help reduce teeth grinding as you sleep. Such medications are prescribed temporarily and are not usually considered a long-term solution.

2. Contingent Electrical Stimulation (CES)
CES uses a pulse of low-level electrical energy that helps relax the muscles in the mouth when a device detects the signs of teeth grinding as you sleep. You are less likely to grind your teeth as frequently when the muscles are relaxed.

3. Hypnosis
Hypnosis is another tool that can be used, and works by transforming your thoughts through the power of suggestion to help reduce and perhaps resolve teeth grinding.

4. Botox
Botox injections offer a temporary relaxation of the jaw muscles. You will need a repeat treatment every few months to continue to benefit from the results.

5. Biofeedback Sessions
Biofeedback helps treat nocturnal bruxism by detecting jaw movement as you sleep and waking you up when you start to grind your teeth. This is achieved using a device that sends you sensations to wake you.

Final thoughts

Teeth grinding at night can go unnoticed and can damage your teeth and result in facial pain. Understanding the factors causing your bruxism will help a healthcare provider recommend the most suitable treatment. This can range from a mouthguard worn overnight to lifestyle changes and more advanced methods such as contingent electrical stimulation.

 Were you aware that more than 25 percent of all men and women over the age of 20 have at least one cavity? Although factors such as lifestyle habits, oral care techniques, and even genetics can all play role, there is little doubt that diet is just as important.

If you want to enjoy a set of pearly whites that lasts a lifetime, what helps strengthen teeth -- and are there certain foods to include in a balanced diet? Let's take a look at five tasty treats that will help to protect the health of your teeth and gums as the years go by.

Cacao

You might be rather surprised to learn that one of the primary ingredients in an average bar of chocolate can actually offer tooth-friendly benefits. Cacao bits (sometimes referred to as cacao "nubs") contain high concentrations of substances known as polyphenols. These plant-derived chemicals are known for their ability to break down oral bacteria, dramatically reducing the chances of suffering from cavities and gum disease.

We should also point out that cacao is excellent for the cardiovascular system. It can help to lower blood pressure and prevent clots. So, get ready to indulge your sweet tooth with a healthy alternative!

Fatty Fish

Some fats are actually good for the body. This is particularly the case when discussing the role that omega fats play. This type of fat is found in fish such as sardines, salmon, mackerel, and tuna. Some studies indicate that omega fatty acids may be able to stave off the effects of gum disease.

Furthermore, these very same fish contain appreciable amounts of vitamin D. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that provides your teeth with a viable source of calcium. Similar to the other bones throughout your body, calcium will benefit your oral cavity and help to prevent mechanical issues such as chipping or cracking. If you want to strengthen tooth enamel, a sumptuous fish dinner could be just what you need.

Grass-Fed Dairy Products

Most of us associate dairy products such as milk and cheese with nutrients including vitamin A and vitamin D. However, these substances are also relatively high in a lesser-known compound known as vitamin K2. Research has indicated that vitamin K2 is essential for healthy teeth and gums. The only problem here is that many individuals (unknowingly) suffer from a vitamin K2 deficiency. As you might have guessed, this is often due to a lack of dairy products.

It is also important to emphasise the consumption of grass-fed foods. The point here is that the chlorophyll found within grass is used by animals to produce vitamin K2. This is not possible when consuming grains and corn. As humans do not have the ability to synthesise vitamin K2, it should be obtained through quality dairy products.

Note that is also possible to absorb ample amounts by eating other foods such as:

• Liver
• Beef
• Eggs

On a final note, these very same foods are excellent sources of phosphorous. Phosphorous is yet another nutrient essential for oral health.

Citrus Fruits

You may have heard that it is best to avoid citrus fruits such as orange and lemons due to their acidic content. This is partially true, as acids can begin to erode the enamel of your teeth. Still, remember that these very same foods are also laden with vitamin C. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant and one of its effects involves improving blood flow to the tissues within your mouth. This is a potent way to combat the effects of gingivitis.

In fact, a study conducted in 2005 found that participants reported fewer instances of bleeding gums after consuming citrus fruits for only two weeks.

If you are still concerned about the acidic content of grapefruits and oranges, simply wash your mouth out with water after eating. This will help to cleanse your palate and it is also an excellent way to remain hydrated throughout the day.

Leafy Green Vegetables

Most of us are familiar with the expression "eat your greens" and there is indeed an oral health component to this mantra. Vegetables such as spinach, kale, and arugula all help to promote a healthy oral microbiome. This is another way of saying that they encourage the proliferation of "good" bacteria within the mouth.

Another advantage of leafy greens partially involves concentrations of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is known as a vasodilator, helping to relax blood vessels so that more nutrients are delivered to the teeth and gums. On a final note, green vegetables in general contain many essential minerals. These very same minerals play a key role in maintaining healthy tooth enamel.

How to Keep Gums and Teeth Healthy

Now that we have examined five oral-friendly foods, what about substances that should be consumed sparingly (if at all)? In this case, a bit of knowledge will certainly go a long way. Here are an additional five foods that every dentist will tell you to avoid:

• Crackers (they contain carbohydrates that are quickly converted to sugar within the mouth)
• Dried fruits (these tend to be high in sugar and can stick to the teeth)
• Soda (high sugar content combined with the presence of carbonic acid)
• Beans (an ingredient known as phytic acid may make it more difficult for the mouth to absorb other nutrients)
• Kombucha drinks that contain added sugar.

Thankfully, all of the beneficial foods mentioned above can be easily obtained and are quite cheap. If you want to learn about even more tasty treats to consider, do not hesitate to speak with your dentist or a qualified nutritionist. There are countless options to explore.

Sources:

1. https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/fast-facts/cavities/index.html
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3320731/
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16127404
4. https://lovewhatyoueat.co.uk/